Manufacture of high-class &#34;fondant&#34; chocolate and similar chocolates



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

FREDERICK GEORGE FRYER AND BASIL GORDON MGLELLAN, or YORK, ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURE OF HIGH-CLASS FONDANT CHOCOLATE AN D SIMILAR CHOCOLATFS.

N 0 Drawing.

This. invention relates to the manufacture of high-class fondantchocolate and similar chocolates of a smooth consistency. One of the most important features of these chocolates is the extreme fineness to which their constituents are ultimately ground.

, Hitherto the desired ultimate degree of fineness of the constituents of the final product has in all cases been attained by grinding to the required degree the partially ground constituents after they have been.

mixed or-incorporated inthe desired proportions. Thus in a system ofmanufacturing high class fondant chocolate commonly adopted the essential ingredients, namely, the cocoa liquor and the powdered sugar are mixed togetheror incorporated while the sugar, andthe'solid particles of the cocoa V liquor are in a state which is coarse compared with their condition in the finished product. After the cocoa liquor and sugar in this comparatively coarse condition, with or without other ingredients suchas fiavoringmaterial's and cocoa butter, have been mixed together,

the mixture 'is'passed as many times as is deemed necessary through grinding machines, such as refiners or broyeuses, for example, so that the solid particles may be pulverized orcomminutedinto a finer and finer state of subdivision until they attain the degree of fineness required for the final product. After the mixture has been treated the desired number of times in the grinding machines it is subjected to a furtherlengthy treatment in couches or in other suitable machines wherebythe aroma of the chocolate is developed and other important changes are effected by the application of heat or by agitation orby agitation accom panied by heating," s y In the above described system the grinding of the mixed ingredients necessitates the use of very expensive heavy grinding machines which involve the consumption of Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed July 27,

mu ch labor, power,

conical or disk mills Patented Aug. 9, 1921.

1920. Serial No. 399,377. v

time and floor space. VVlth a vlewto reducing the disadvantages of employing these heavy grinding machines or the like have inlsome cases been employed for grinding the mixed ingredients. V

Nowthe present invention consists in doing away with the operatlon or repeated operations of'grinding the mixture comprising cocoa liquor and sugar with or without other ingredients and in not mixing said ingredi-,

ents together before each ingredient which requires to be ground, i ncluding the sugar and the solid particles of the cocoa liquor, has attained that desired degree of fineness which it is to possess in the finished product. p

In order to produce cocoa liquor having solid particles of the desired degree offineness the cocoa nibs may be ground in any suitable manner, passed through a nib grinding mill of any suitable kind an dthen once through an ordinary grinding machine having several pairs of rollers so set as to givethe required fineness. The amount of grinding machinery required in this operation is not materially greater than that required in the usual operation of producing the cocoa liquor prior to the usual mixing operation, the grinding of the solid particles contained in the liquor to a further degree of fineness being efl'ected very readily with accurately adjusted machinery. Y y i The desired degree of fineness of the solid particles of the cocoa liquor is such that the following test may be complied with, namelv, that at least98% will pass through a stand ard sieve having 24c0 meshes to one inch and made of woven Wire, silk or other material of a thickness very nearly equal to theintervening spaces. consequently very closely 53/1000 of a millimeter square. The testisto be carried out 100 during the removal of fat from the liquor in the following manner H v To a glass tube about 12-" diameter and 5" long andhaving one end slightly opened out is attached the sieve material of the grade specified. A weighed quantitv of about 2 grams of the cocoa mass or liquor is introduced into theweighed tube, so that-it rests on the sieve material. The tube is then dipped into a; beaker containing distilled petroleum ether and gently agitated'so as to cause the petroleum ether to pass upward and downward through the sieve. The cocoa for instance, they may be The holes of such sieve are is thus deprived of its fatty content, and the finer particles of the defatted cocoa pass throughthe sieve, the coarser ones remaining on it. Toward the completion of the defatting process which is visibly evident the tube is transferred to a second beaker containing petroleum ether, and the operation continued till no more cocoa particles are found to be passing through the sieve. The petrol remaining on the tube and its contents is removed by heating in a steam oven, and the residual cocoa material is weighed. As cocoa mass contains upward of 50% of its weight of cocoa butter, which has been almost entirely removed during the test. this has been allowed for in the figures stipulated by multiplying the residual weight by two before calculating it as a percentage of the original material.

Sugar of the desired degree of fineness may be conveniently produced in the well known type of pulverizing plant in which the fine product is obtained by a grinding and wind-sifting operation. The fine sugar required may however be prepared in any suitable manner. The desired degree of fineness of the sugar is such that the following test may be complied with, namely, that at least'98% will pass through a standard sieve of 24:0 meshes to one inch and 100% through a standard sieve of 200 meshes to one inch. Said sieves are made of woven wire, silk orother material of a thickness very nearly equal to the intervening spaces. The holes of the first sieve are consequently very closely 53/1000 of a millimeter square,and those'of the second sieve 68/1000 of a millimeter square. During thetest due precaution is to be taken to keep the sugar dry and gentle pressure may be applied t'o'the sugar with a smooth rounded instrument to break up any lightly coherlng aggregates.

The grinding of the flavoring material when necessary is effected in any manner suitable to its conslstency.

The mixing of the aforesaid fine ingredi-I ents with or without flavorings and with or without the extra cocoa butter alluded to above may be effected in any suitable manner, for example, an ordinary chocolate mixer or melangeur may be used and then the'material, before or after being liquefied q a current of air is admitted to the mixture maybe subjected to the usual lengthy treatment in conches or other suitable machines with the object of developing the aroma of the chocolate and effecting other important changes by comparatively gentle agitation or by such agitation accompanied by heating. Instead of said lengthy treatmentin a conche or other slow-acting machine the conched or-fondant effect may be attained after liquefying the material by subjecting it to extreme agitation or threshing for a shorttime, a regulated current of air preferably being admitted or having access to the material during treatment by any suitable means.

The liquefying of the material may be effected either by subjecting it fora few minutes to a high speed liquefying operation or by treating it in a melangeur or other slow-running machine'for a comparatively long period, for instance, two to three hours. Said high speed liquefying operation may be effected in a heater of any suitableform, such as, for example, a cream beater. Y

The ingredients are preferably in any case treated by a continuous method and not by a cumbersome batch process which in the mode of manufacture hitherto generally adopted has been necessitated by the repeated grinding operations and the treatment in the conche.

After this stage the chocolate may be directly molded or used for covering or other through a standard sieve having 200 meshes to one inch having holes approximately 68/1000 of a millimeter square, and then mixing the ingredients: and subjecting the mixture to. an operation producing the fondant effect.

2. Process according to claim 1 in which the mixture of the ingredients is subjected to a highspeed liquefying operatron and to an operation producing the fondant effect.

8. Process according-toclaim Q'in which the high-speed liquefying operation'is performed in a beater.

I l. Process according toclaim 2 in which the liquefied mixture is subjected to extreme agitation for a comparatively short time.

5. Process according to claim 4 in which while being agitated.

In testlmony whereof we affix our signatures in the presence of two witnesses.

ARNOLD S. NA BEE, OSCAR F. RUMTREE. 

